Tooth loss in adults is more common than it may seem and, in many cases, is caused by a silent disease: periodontal disease, also known as pyorrhoea. At A2 Dental Mallorca, specialists in periodontal health and advanced implantology, Directors Dr Anna Nilsson and Dr Alberto Rico explain what periodontal disease is, its symptoms, and the treatments available to prevent tooth loss.
Why do teeth fall out in adults?
Unlike children, for whom tooth loss is a natural process, in adults it is a warning sign of oral health problems. The most frequent cause is periodontal disease, a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the gums and the bone supporting the teeth.
According to the Spanish Dental Association, 8 million adults suffer from periodontal disease at various stages, and 2 million present with severe periodontitis. Globally, 750 million people are affected by this condition. These figures highlight the importance of prevention and early treatment to avoid dental loss.
What is Periodontal Disease and how does it affect the teeth?
Periodontal disease is a progressive infection that damages the supporting structures of the teeth. It originates from the accumulation of bacterial plaque, which over time calcifies and becomes tartar. The microorganisms present in plaque and tartar lead to the destruction of tissues, causing inflammation of the gums (gingivitis). If left untreated, the infection progresses and destroys the bone supporting the teeth, potentially leading to tooth mobility and eventual loss.
Stages of Periodontal Disease:
- Gingivitis: This is the initial stage, where the gums become inflamed and may bleed, but the bone is not yet affected.
- Early Periodontitis: At this stage, periodontal pockets begin to form and there is slight bone loss.
- Moderate Periodontitis: Bone loss becomes more pronounced, the tooth starts losing support (loss of tissue attachment), and as a result, the gum is inflamed, may bleed when brushing, and periodontal pockets are present. Gum recession may also be visible, and teeth may begin to loosen.
- Advanced Periodontitis: There is significant loss of tissue attachment around the teeth (both bone and gum), severe tooth mobility, and a high risk of tooth loss.
Warning signs: how do I know if I have periodontal disease?
It is important to pay attention to the early signs of the disease in order to prevent tooth loss:
- Bleeding gums when brushing or using dental floss
- Inflamed, red, or receding gums
- Persistent bad breath
- Gum or tooth sensitivity
- Loose teeth
If you notice any of these symptoms, it is essential to book a dental check-up to assess the health of your gums and prevent further complications.
Risk factors that increase tooth loss
Certain conditions can contribute to the development of periodontal disease:
- Poor oral hygiene, as the accumulation of bacteria and tartar facilitates the development of infections and bone loss.
- Smoking, because it reduces oxygenation of the gums and encourages bacterial growth.
- Uncontrolled diabetes, as it increases the risk of gum infections and accelerates bone loss.
- Stress, which can weaken the immune system and make the mouth more vulnerable to infections.
- Bruxism (teeth grinding or clenching) can accelerate damage to the bone and gums. While bruxism does not cause periodontal disease, it can aggravate and speed up its progression. Therefore, it is important to treat both periodontitis and bruxism.
- Genetic factors, as some individuals are genetically predisposed to periodontal diseases.
Treatments to prevent tooth loss in adults
At A2 Dental Mallorca, we offer the most advanced treatments to manage periodontal disease and prevent tooth loss:
- Professional dental cleaning
In the early stages of gingivitis, a thorough cleaning removes plaque and tartar build-up, helping to prevent the progression of infection. - Scaling and root planing
If the disease has advanced, we perform a deeper cleaning using curettes and root planing to remove bacteria beneath the gum line, reducing inflammation and protecting the bone. - Periodontal surgery
In advanced cases, regenerative surgeries using gum or bone grafts can be carried out to restore lost support and prevent tooth loss. - Periodontal maintenance
Patients with a history of periodontitis must undergo regular professional cleanings and check-ups to maintain the stability of their gums and prevent relapse.
How to prevent tooth loss: tips for prevention
Prevention is key to maintaining a healthy mouth and avoiding tooth loss:
- Brush your teeth after every meal using fluoride toothpaste.
- Use dental floss and antibacterial mouthwash as complements to brushing.
- Avoid smoking, as it significantly increases the risk of periodontal disease.
- Follow a balanced diet rich in vitamins and low in sugars.
- Visit your dentist every six months for check-ups and professional cleanings.
Experiencing symptoms of periodontal disease? Don’t wait any longer
If you notice bleeding gums, tooth mobility, or inflammation, book an appointment at A2 Dental Mallorca.
Our team of periodontics specialists will assess your case and provide the most suitable treatment to help you maintain a healthy smile.
Call us or book your appointment online — protect your teeth in time. Your oral health is our priority!